Comprehensive Analysis of Plastic Waste Impact and Water Quality Assessment
Student Researcher: Ethan Hua
Institution: Montgomery Blair High School
Date: September 27th, 2023
Abstract:
This report examines the key factors associated with the generation of plastic waste, specifically addressing its environmental impact. It also assesses the standards and methodologies used to test drinking water quality. Furthermore, it offers an overview of the specific situation regarding perceptions of water quality at Montgomery Blair High School.
Section I: Background Overview
A: Global Plastic Water Overview
As of 2021, urban centers in the United States contribute approximately 40 million tons to the global plastic waste footprint, which totals roughly 380 million tons per year. This accounts for a significant 10.5% of the worldwide total. Notably, plastic water bottles alone make up about 2 million tons (5%) of the United States' burden, and around 25 million tons globally, equivalent to 6.6% of all plastic waste. These traditional plastic materials pose long-term environmental threats, taking nearly 450 years to decompose. During this time, they have the potential to release toxins into the ecosystem, negatively impacting soil quality and contaminating water resources.
B: Drinking Water Contaminants
Water intended for human consumption can contain a range of contaminants, including microorganisms, organic and inorganic chemicals, disinfection byproducts, and radionuclides. Various factors contribute to this contamination, such as inadequate regulations in water distribution, neglect in plumbing system maintenance, and insufficient sanitation of water sources.
C: Regulatory Standards for Public Drinking Water
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) serves as the main authority in setting standards for public drinking water quality. The agency actively identifies and regulates dangerous substances, such as pathogenic microorganisms and chemicals. With the implementation of the Safe Drinking Water Act in 1974, the EPA gained federal jurisdiction to establish regulatory standards that require compliance from state and local entities, as well as water suppliers. The National Primary and Secondary Drinking Water Regulations further specify the necessary standards and treatment protocols to reduce the presence of contaminants.
D: Water Quality Testing Protocols
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Bacteriological Tests: These tests are essential for detecting pathogenic bacteria by using indicator organisms such as total coliform, fecal coliform, and E. coli. Despite being more expensive, they are crucial for confirming the absence of harmful bacterial contaminants.
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Mineral/Inorganic Tests: These tests are conducted to detect the presence of mineral contaminants in water. They assess the concentrations of these contaminants in relation to human health risks and evaluate their potential impact on the aesthetic or functional properties of water.
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Organic Chemical Tests: Primarily implemented when there is a suspicion of contamination from specific substances, such as pesticides, within the water supply.
Section II: Case Study at Montgomery Blair High School
A: Background
Montgomery Blair High School, along with other institutions in Montgomery County, procures its drinking water from the Potomac and Patuxent River. The water undergoes rigorous treatment at a filtration facility managed by the Washington Suburban Sanitary Commission to comply with federal standards. Post-treatment, it circulates through a network of pressurized mains and storage mechanisms before distribution to end consumers.
B: Methodology
To understand the underpinnings of this issue, a multifaceted approach was employed, involving:
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Surveys and Interviews: We distributed surveys and conducted interviews among students, faculty, and maintenance staff. These inquiries focused on gathering the participants' views on the taste, odor, and overall quality of the water from the school's fountains.
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Historical Analysis: We reviewed records, such as maintenance logs for the water fountains and plumbing. We also examined previous reports from student publications that cited concerns over water quality, to track historical perceptions.
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Physical Inspection: A comprehensive inspection was conducted on the school's water infrastructure, which includes fountains, pipes, and potential areas of contamination (such as corroded pipes or malfunctioning filtration systems).
C: Findings
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Perception Issues: The surveys showed that students generally distrust the water quality due to occasional but notable past incidents of water discoloration and unpleasant tastes or odors, as reported in student editorials.
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Infrastructure Challenges: The inspection revealed aging plumbing, with some areas showing signs of corrosion and a potential for leachate occurrence. This could introduce contaminants into the water after treatment.
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Inconsistent Maintenance: A review of maintenance logs revealed irregularities in fountain cleanings and filter replacements, leading to reduced water quality at the point of use.
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Usage Behavior: Despite the availability of water dispensaries, a significant number of students chose alternative sources such as bringing water from home or buying bottled water. This indicates a lack of confidence in the provided facilities.
D: Discussions
The findings suggest a complex problem with multiple factors. Although the provided water meets federal standards at its source, on-site issues such as aging infrastructure, inadequate maintenance, and past incidents contribute to a negative perception. This situation highlights the importance of regularly maintaining the system, proactively communicating about water safety, and recognizing the psychological impact of historical events on current attitudes.
E: Recommendations
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Infrastructure Upgrade: Prioritize the replacement of corroded pipes and older fountains. Consider introducing units with built-in filtration for added assurance.
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Regular Maintenance and Monitoring: Establish a consistent schedule for cleaning fountains, replacing filters, and directly testing water quality. Promptly address any identified issues.
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Transparency and Education: Implement initiatives to educate the school community on water treatment and safety. This can be done through seminars, information boards, or a dedicated section in the school newspaper. Regularly update the community on maintenance activities and water quality reports to build trust.
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Environmental Considerations: Advocate for the use of reusable water containers and the reduction of bottled water consumption. Link improved on-site water quality with broader environmental benefits.
Section III: Conclusion
This case study highlights the challenges of maintaining the factual quality and perceived trustworthiness of drinking water. By addressing both the physical and perceptual aspects of this essential resource, Montgomery Blair High School can prioritize the health and satisfaction of its students, while also fostering a more informed and environmentally conscious student body.